@JdbcTest 공식문서 자료

Annotation for a JDBC test that focuses only on JDBC-based components.

Using this annotation will disable full auto-configuration and instead 
apply only configuration relevant to JDBC tests.

By default, tests annotated with @JdbcTest are transactional and roll back 
at the end of each test. They also use an embedded in-memory database 
(replacing any explicit or usually auto-configured DataSource). 
The @AutoConfigureTestDatabase annotation can be used to override these settings.
If you are looking to load your full application configuration, 
but use an embedded database, you should consider @SpringBootTest combined 
with @AutoConfigureTestDatabase rather than this annotation.
When using JUnit 4, this annotation should be used in combination 
with @RunWith(SpringRunner.class).

Since:
1.5.0

See Also:
AutoConfigureJdbc, AutoConfigureTestDatabase, AutoConfigureCache

Author:
Stephane Nicoll, Artsiom Yudovin

공식문서 해석

Annotation for a JDBC test that focuses only on JDBC-based components.

JDBC 에 기반한 component 만을 사용한 JDBC 테스트를 위한 어노테이션이다.

By default, tests annotated with @JdbcTest are transactional and roll back at the end of each test.

@JdbcTest 를 붙인 테스트는 매 테스트가 종료될 때마다 데이터베이스를 ROLLBACK 시킨다.

They also use an embedded in-memory database (replacing any explicit or usually auto-configured DataSource).

또한 in-memory DB 를 사용한다. (h2 DataBase) -> 테스트를 위한 JdbcTemplate 이 생성된다.

https://pomo0703.tistory.com/100